Physlib

PhyslibAlpha.Mathematics.Order.VectorLattice

Vector lattices

i. Overview

A real vector lattice is an ordered real vector space in which any two elements have a least upper bound. Two nonnegative elements are disjoint when their infimum is `0`. This file collects the elementary arithmetic of infima: the Riesz decomposition, the behaviour of infima under positive scalars, and how disjointness interacts with sums and with least upper bounds of sequences.

ii. Key results

- `VectorLattice.riesz_decomposition` : an element below a sum of two nonnegative elements splits into two pieces, one below each summand. - `VectorLattice.smul_inf` : positive scalars distribute over infima. - `VectorLattice.inf_sum_of_pairwise` : infima distribute over sums of pairwise disjoint nonnegative elements. - `VectorLattice.isLUB_inf` : infima distribute over least upper bounds of sequences.

iii. Table of contents

  • A. Riesz decomposition and disjointness
  • B. Positive scalars

A. Riesz decomposition and disjointness

B. Positive scalars

13 declarations

theorem

y≤zy \le z and 0≤z0 \le z implies y+≤zy^+ \le z

Let GG be a vector lattice. For any elements y,z∈Gy, z \in G, if y≤zy \le z and z≥0z \ge 0, then the positive part of yy, denoted by y+y^+, satisfies y+≤zy^+ \le z.

theorem

Riesz decomposition of g≤f1+f2g \le f_1 + f_2 into components bounded by f1f_1 and f2f_2

In a real vector lattice GG, let f1,f2,gf_1, f_2, g be elements such that f1≥0f_1 \ge 0, f2≥0f_2 \ge 0, and 0≤g≤f1+f20 \le g \le f_1 + f_2. Then the elements g⊓f1g \sqcap f_1 and g−(g⊓f1)g - (g \sqcap f_1) satisfy 0≤g⊓f1≤f10 \le g \sqcap f_1 \le f_1 and 0≤g−(g⊓f1)≤f20 \le g - (g \sqcap f_1) \le f_2, where ⊓\sqcap denotes the infimum (greatest lower bound) of two elements.

theorem

(h1+h2)⊓c≤(h1⊓c)+(h2⊓c)(h_1 + h_2) \sqcap c \le (h_1 \sqcap c) + (h_2 \sqcap c) for nonnegative elements

Let GG be a real vector lattice. For any elements h1,h2,c∈Gh_1, h_2, c \in G such that h1≥0h_1 \ge 0, h2≥0h_2 \ge 0, and c≥0c \ge 0, the infimum of the sum h1+h2h_1 + h_2 with cc is less than or equal to the sum of the individual infima of h1h_1 and h2h_2 with cc: (h1+h2)⊓c≤(h1⊓c)+(h2⊓c)(h_1 + h_2) \sqcap c \le (h_1 \sqcap c) + (h_2 \sqcap c) where ⊓\sqcap denotes the infimum (greatest lower bound) of two elements.

theorem

x⊓(u+v)=x⊓u+x⊓vx \sqcap (u + v) = x \sqcap u + x \sqcap v for disjoint uu and vv

Let GG be a real vector lattice. For any nonnegative elements x,u,v∈Gx, u, v \in G, if uu and vv are disjoint (that is, their infimum u⊓v=0u \sqcap v = 0), then the infimum of xx with the sum u+vu + v is equal to the sum of the individual infima: x⊓(u+v)=(x⊓u)+(x⊓v)x \sqcap (u + v) = (x \sqcap u) + (x \sqcap v)

theorem

x⊓u=0x \sqcap u = 0 and x⊓v=0x \sqcap v = 0 implies x⊓(u+v)=0x \sqcap (u + v) = 0 for non-negative elements

Let x,u,x, u, and vv be non-negative elements in a vector lattice. If xx is disjoint from uu (i.e., x⊓u=0x \sqcap u = 0) and xx is disjoint from vv (i.e., x⊓v=0x \sqcap v = 0), then xx is disjoint from their sum, such that x⊓(u+v)=0x \sqcap (u + v) = 0.

theorem

An element disjoint from a finite family of non-negative elements is disjoint from their sum

Let GG be a vector lattice and x∈Gx \in G be a non-negative element (x≥0x \geq 0). For any finite family of non-negative elements {ui}i∈s\{u_i\}_{i \in s} in GG, if xx is disjoint from every uiu_i (i.e., x⊓ui=0x \sqcap u_i = 0 for all i∈si \in s), then xx is disjoint from their sum: x⊓∑i∈sui=0x \sqcap \sum_{i \in s} u_i = 0

theorem

(x+w)∧s≤x∧s(x + w) \wedge s \le x \wedge s when w∧s=0w \wedge s = 0

Let GG be a vector lattice, and let x,w,s∈Gx, w, s \in G be non-negative elements. If ww and ss are disjoint, meaning their infimum is zero (w∧s=0w \wedge s = 0), then the infimum of x+wx + w and ss is less than or equal to the infimum of xx and ss: (x+w)∧s≤x∧s(x + w) \wedge s \le x \wedge s

theorem

Infimum distributes over sums of pairwise disjoint elements

Let GG be a vector lattice. Let x∈Gx \in G be a nonnegative element (x≥0x \geq 0) and {ui}i∈t\{u_i\}_{i \in t} be a finite family of pairwise disjoint nonnegative elements, meaning ui≥0u_i \geq 0 for all i∈ti \in t and ui⊓uj=0u_i \sqcap u_j = 0 for all i,j∈ti, j \in t such that i≠ji \neq j. Then the infimum of xx with the sum of the family is equal to the sum of the individual infima: x⊓∑i∈tui=∑i∈t(x⊓ui)x \sqcap \sum_{i \in t} u_i = \sum_{i \in t} (x \sqcap u_i) where ⊓\sqcap denotes the infimum operation.

theorem

Infima Distribute over Least Upper Bounds of Sequences

In a real vector lattice GG, let (an)n∈N(a_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}} be a sequence in GG and let c∈Gc \in G be its least upper bound. For any element b∈Gb \in G, the least upper bound of the sequence (an⊓b)n∈N(a_n \sqcap b)_{n \in \mathbb{N}} is given by c⊓bc \sqcap b. That is, sup⁡n∈N(an⊓b)=(sup⁡n∈Nan)⊓b\sup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} (a_n \sqcap b) = (\sup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} a_n) \sqcap b, where ⊓\sqcap denotes the infimum (meet) of two elements.

theorem

c⋅(x⊓y)=(c⋅x)⊓(c⋅y)c \cdot (x \sqcap y) = (c \cdot x) \sqcap (c \cdot y) for c≥0c \geq 0

Let GG be a real vector lattice. For any non-negative real number c≥0c \geq 0 and any elements x,y∈Gx, y \in G, the scalar multiplication by cc distributes over the infimum (meet) of xx and yy, such that c⋅(x⊓y)=(c⋅x)⊓(c⋅y)c \cdot (x \sqcap y) = (c \cdot x) \sqcap (c \cdot y).

theorem

g⊓u=0  ⟹  g⊓(a⋅u)=0g \sqcap u = 0 \implies g \sqcap (a \cdot u) = 0 for a≥0a \ge 0

Let GG be a real vector lattice. For any nonnegative elements g,u∈Gg, u \in G (where 0≤g0 \le g and 0≤u0 \le u) that are disjoint, meaning their infimum g⊓u=0g \sqcap u = 0, and for any nonnegative real scalar a≥0a \ge 0, the element gg and the scaled element a⋅ua \cdot u remain disjoint, such that g⊓(a⋅u)=0g \sqcap (a \cdot u) = 0.

theorem

Non-negative scaling preserves disjointness (u⊓v=0  ⟹  au⊓bv=0u \sqcap v = 0 \implies a u \sqcap b v = 0)

Let GG be a real vector lattice. For any non-negative elements u,v∈Gu, v \in G that are disjoint (meaning their infimum u⊓v=0u \sqcap v = 0), and for any non-negative real scalars a,b≥0a, b \ge 0, the scaled elements a⋅ua \cdot u and b⋅vb \cdot v remain disjoint, such that a⋅u⊓b⋅v=0a \cdot u \sqcap b \cdot v = 0.

theorem

Positive Scalar Multiplication Preserves Least Upper Bounds of Sequences

Let GG be a real vector lattice. Let (an)n∈N(a_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}} be a sequence in GG and c∈Gc \in G be its least upper bound (supremum). For any strictly positive real scalar r>0r > 0, the element r⋅cr \cdot c is the least upper bound of the scaled sequence (r⋅an)n∈N(r \cdot a_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}. That is, if c=sup⁡nanc = \sup_{n} a_n, then r⋅c=sup⁡n(r⋅an)r \cdot c = \sup_{n} (r \cdot a_n).