Physlib.QuantumMechanics.DDimensions.SpaceDHilbertSpace.PolyBddSchwartzSubmodule
Polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodules
i. Overview
In this module we define polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodules of `SpaceDHilbertSpace`.
For each `a : ℕ∞`, `polyBddSchwartzSubmodule d a` is the submodule corresponding to Schwartz maps `f` satisfying the polynomial growth bounds `‖x‖ ^ (-k) * ‖f x‖ ≤ Cₖ` for all `(k : ℕ) ≤ a`. In particular, for `a = ⊤` such a bound holds for all natural numbers.
These serve as a natural domain for singular unbounded operators. For example, the `1/r` Coulomb potential operator maps `polyBddSchwartzSubmodule d ⊤` to itself. In the same way that multiplying a Schwartz map by any polynomial in the coordinates results in a square-integrable function, polynomially-bounded Schwartz maps may be multiplied by Laurent polynomials and remain square-integrable (the precise condition depends on `d`, `a` and the negative degree of the Laurent polynomial).
Note: the condition defining polynomially-bounded Schwartz maps is phrased as `‖x‖ ^ (-k) * ‖f x‖ ≤ Cₖ` rather than as `‖f x‖ ≤ Cₖ * ‖x‖ ^ k` to mirror `SchwartzMap.decay`. These two conditions only differ at `x = 0` and are therefore equivalent for `d > 0` since then `f 0` may be determined by continuity. For `d = 0` the former does not constrain `f 0 = 0` (since `x = 0` is the only point and `0⁻¹ = 0`) while the latter does (and would therefore spoil their being dense in `SpaceDHilbertSpace 0 ≅ ℂ`).
ii. Key results
- `polyBddSchwartzSubmodule d (a : ℕ∞)`: Restriction of `schwartzSubmodule d` to those Schwartz maps which are bounded by powers of `‖x‖`. - `PolyBddSchwartzSubmodule.dense d a`: These submodules are dense in `SpaceDHilbertSpace`.
iii. Table of contents
- A. Definitions
- B. Coercions
- C. (In)equalities
- D. Density
iv. References
A. Definitions
B. Coercions
C. (In)equalities
D. Density
17 declarations
-submodule of Schwartz maps satisfying for
For a given dimension and an extended natural number , the space of polynomially bounded Schwartz maps is defined as the -submodule of the Schwartz space (denoted in Lean as `𝓢(Space d, ℂ)`) consisting of functions that satisfy specific growth conditions. A Schwartz function belongs to this submodule if for every natural number such that , there exists a constant such that for all : where denotes the Euclidean norm on . This condition ensures that the function grows no faster than for all .
Continuous linear inclusion
For a dimension and an extended natural number , the map is the continuous linear inclusion of the submodule of polynomially bounded Schwartz maps into the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions. This map is obtained by restricting the domain of the canonical inclusion from the Schwartz space to to the submodule defined by the growth condition for all .
Polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule of
For a given dimension and an extended natural number , the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule is the -submodule of the Hilbert space defined as the image (range) of the space of polynomially bounded Schwartz maps under the canonical inclusion into . This submodule consists of Schwartz functions such that for every natural number , there exists a constant satisfying for all .
The inclusion is injective
For any dimension and any extended natural number , the continuous linear inclusion map is injective.
Linear equivalence
For a dimension and an extended natural number , there is a linear equivalence over between the space of polynomially bounded Schwartz maps and the corresponding submodule of the Hilbert space . This equivalence is established by restricting the codomain of the injective linear inclusion to its range.
Inclusion from to
For any dimension and any extended natural number , there is a natural inclusion mapping each polynomially bounded Schwartz function to its corresponding element in the full Schwartz space .
Coercion of to a function
For a dimension and an extended natural number , an element in the -submodule of polynomially bounded Schwartz maps, , can be treated as a function from to . This coercion maps the element to its underlying function , allowing it to be evaluated at any point .
Evaluation of a Polynomially Bounded Schwartz Map equals its Underlying Function Evaluation
For any dimension and any extended natural number , let be a polynomially bounded Schwartz map in the submodule . For any point , the value of the underlying function of evaluated at is equal to the value of the Schwartz map evaluated at .
Consistency of inverse linear equivalences
For a dimension and an extended natural number , let be an element of the Schwartz submodule of the Hilbert space . If is contained in the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule , then the Schwartz function obtained by applying the inverse of the linear equivalence to is equal to the Schwartz function obtained by applying the inverse of the general linear equivalence to .
almost everywhere
For any dimension and extended natural number , let be a polynomially bounded Schwartz map in . The image of under the linear equivalence is equal to the underlying function almost everywhere with respect to the Lebesgue volume measure.
For any dimension , the space of polynomially bounded Schwartz maps with growth parameter , denoted as , is equal to the entire space of Schwartz functions .
Let be a natural number and let be extended natural numbers. If , then the -submodule of Schwartz maps is contained within the submodule . Here, is defined as the set of Schwartz functions such that for every natural number , there exists a constant such that for all .
For any dimension , the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule with growth parameter , denoted as , is equal to the submodule of all Schwartz functions within the Hilbert space .
For any dimension and any extended natural number , the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule of the Hilbert space is a submodule of (and thus contained within) the Schwartz submodule .
For any dimension and extended natural numbers , if , then the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule of the Hilbert space associated with is contained within the submodule associated with , i.e., .
is dense in
For any dimension , the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule is dense in the Hilbert space . This submodule consists of the Schwartz functions such that for every natural number , there exists a constant satisfying for all .
Density of the Polynomially-Bounded Schwartz Submodule in
For any dimension and any extended natural number , the polynomially-bounded Schwartz submodule is dense in the Hilbert space . This submodule consists of all Schwartz functions such that for every natural number , there exists a constant satisfying for all , where is a -dimensional real inner product space.
