Physlib

Physlib.Mathematics.KroneckerDelta

Kronecker delta

This module defines the Kronecker delta.

Conditions for smul to vanish

Symmetrization

Sums

16 declarations · 2 submodules

Declarations

definition

Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij}

For any type α\alpha and elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha, the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} is defined as 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.

definition

Kronecker delta notation δ[i,j]\delta[i, j]

The notation δ[i,j]\delta[i, j] represents the Kronecker delta function applied to the indices ii and jj.

theorem

f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0 implies δij⋅f(i,j)=0\delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0

Let MM be an additive monoid and α\alpha be a type. For any elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha and any function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, if f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0, then δij⋅f(i,j)=0\delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0, where δij\delta_{ij} is the Kronecker delta, defined as 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

δij⋅f(i,j)=0  ⟺  i≠j∨f(i,i)=0\delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0 \iff i \neq j \lor f(i, i) = 0

Let MM be an additive monoid and α\alpha be a set. For any elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha and any function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, the scalar multiplication of the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} and f(i,j)f(i, j) is zero, i.e., δij⋅f(i,j)=0\delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0, if and only if i≠ji \neq j or f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0. Here, δij\delta_{ij} is defined to be 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

(∀j,δij⋅f(i,j)=0)  ⟺  f(i,i)=0(\forall j, \delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0) \iff f(i, i) = 0

Let MM be an additive monoid and α\alpha be a type. For any element i∈αi \in \alpha and any function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, the condition δij⋅f(i,j)=0\delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0 holds for all j∈αj \in \alpha if and only if f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0. Here, δij\delta_{ij} denotes the Kronecker delta, defined as 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

(∀i,j,δij⋅f(i,j)=0)  ⟺  ∀i,f(i,i)=0(\forall i, j, \delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0) \iff \forall i, f(i, i) = 0

Let MM be an additive monoid and α\alpha be a type. For any function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, the condition δij⋅f(i,j)=0\delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0 holds for all i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha if and only if f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0 for all i∈αi \in \alpha. Here, δij\delta_{ij} denotes the Kronecker delta, defined as 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j, and ⋅\cdot denotes scalar multiplication of a natural number on an element of the additive monoid.

theorem

δij=δji\delta_{ij} = \delta_{ji}

For any elements ii and jj of a type α\alpha, the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} is symmetric in its indices, satisfying the identity δij=δji\delta_{ij} = \delta_{ji}. Here, δij\delta_{ij} is defined to be 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

δij⋅f(j,i)=δij⋅f(i,j)\delta_{ij} \cdot f(j, i) = \delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j)

For any type α\alpha and any additive monoid MM, let f:α×α→Mf: \alpha \times \alpha \to M be a function. For any elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha, the following equality holds: δij⋅f(j,i)=δij⋅f(i,j)\delta_{ij} \cdot f(j, i) = \delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) where δij\delta_{ij} is the Kronecker delta, defined as 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j, and ⋅\cdot denotes the scalar multiplication of a natural number on an element of the additive monoid.

theorem

δij⋅(f(i,j)+f(j,i))=(2δij)⋅f(i,j)\delta_{ij} \cdot (f(i, j) + f(j, i)) = (2\delta_{ij}) \cdot f(i, j)

For any additive monoid MM, any function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, and any elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha, the following identity holds: δij⋅(f(i,j)+f(j,i))=(2δij)⋅f(i,j)\delta_{ij} \cdot (f(i, j) + f(j, i)) = (2\delta_{ij}) \cdot f(i, j) where δij\delta_{ij} is the Kronecker delta, which equals 11 if i=ji = j and 00 otherwise, and the multiplication denotes the scalar action of natural numbers on the monoid.

theorem

δij⋅12(f(i,j)+f(j,i))=δijf(i,j)\delta_{ij} \cdot \frac{1}{2}(f(i, j) + f(j, i)) = \delta_{ij} f(i, j)

Let MM be an additive commutative monoid and KK be a semifield of characteristic zero such that MM is a KK-module. For any i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha and any function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, the following identity holds: δij⋅12(f(i,j)+f(j,i))=δijf(i,j)\delta_{ij} \cdot \frac{1}{2}(f(i, j) + f(j, i)) = \delta_{ij} f(i, j) where δij\delta_{ij} is the Kronecker delta, which is 11 if i=ji = j and 00 otherwise.

theorem

δij⋅(f(i,j)−f(j,i))=0\delta_{ij} \cdot (f(i, j) - f(j, i)) = 0

For any additive group MM, type α\alpha, elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha, and function f:α→α→Mf : \alpha \to \alpha \to M, the product of the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} and the difference f(i,j)−f(j,i)f(i, j) - f(j, i) is zero, i.e., δij⋅(f(i,j)−f(j,i))=0\delta_{ij} \cdot (f(i, j) - f(j, i)) = 0.

theorem

∑kδikδkj=δij\sum_k \delta_{ik} \delta_{kj} = \delta_{ij}

For any finite type α\alpha and elements i,j∈αi, j \in \alpha, the sum over all k∈αk \in \alpha of the product of Kronecker deltas δik\delta_{ik} and δkj\delta_{kj} is equal to δij\delta_{ij}, expressed as: ∑k∈αδikδkj=δij\sum_{k \in \alpha} \delta_{ik} \delta_{kj} = \delta_{ij} where δab\delta_{ab} is the Kronecker delta, which is 11 if a=ba = b and 00 otherwise.

theorem

∑jδijf(j)=f(i)\sum_j \delta_{ij} f(j) = f(i)

Let α\alpha be a finite set. For any element i∈αi \in \alpha and any function f:α→Mf : \alpha \to M mapping into a module MM, the sum over all j∈αj \in \alpha of the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} acting on f(j)f(j) is equal to f(i)f(i). That is, ∑j∈αδij⋅f(j)=f(i)\sum_{j \in \alpha} \delta_{ij} \cdot f(j) = f(i) where δij=1\delta_{ij} = 1 if i=ji = j and δij=0\delta_{ij} = 0 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

∑i,j∈αδijf(i,j)=0\sum_{i,j \in \alpha} \delta_{ij} f(i, j) = 0 if f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0

Let α\alpha be a finite set and f:α→α→Mf: \alpha \to \alpha \to M be a function into a module MM. If f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0 for all i∈αi \in \alpha, then the double sum over α\alpha of the scalar multiplication of the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} and f(i,j)f(i, j) is zero: ∑i∈α∑j∈αδij⋅f(i,j)=0\sum_{i \in \alpha} \sum_{j \in \alpha} \delta_{ij} \cdot f(i, j) = 0 where δij\delta_{ij} is the Kronecker delta, defined as 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

Sifting property of the Kronecker delta over a finite set: ∑j∈sδijf(j)=f(i)\sum_{j \in s} \delta_{ij} f(j) = f(i) if i∈si \in s else 00

Let ss be a finite set of elements of type α\alpha, ii be an element of α\alpha, and f:α→Mf: \alpha \to M be a function into an additive group MM. The sum of the scalar multiplication of the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} and f(j)f(j) over all j∈sj \in s is given by: ∑j∈sδijf(j)={f(i)if i∈s0if i∉s\sum_{j \in s} \delta_{ij} f(j) = \begin{cases} f(i) & \text{if } i \in s \\ 0 & \text{if } i \notin s \end{cases} where δij=1\delta_{ij} = 1 if i=ji = j and δij=0\delta_{ij} = 0 if i≠ji \neq j.

theorem

∑i∈s∑j∈s′δijf(i,j)=0\sum_{i \in s} \sum_{j \in s'} \delta_{ij} f(i, j) = 0 if f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0 on s∩s′s \cap s'

Let ss and s′s' be finite sets of elements of type α\alpha, and let f:α→α→Mf: \alpha \to \alpha \to M be a function into an additive group MM. If f(i,i)=0f(i, i) = 0 for all i∈s∩s′i \in s \cap s', then the double sum of the scalar multiplication of the Kronecker delta δij\delta_{ij} and f(i,j)f(i, j) over i∈si \in s and j∈s′j \in s' is zero: ∑i∈s∑j∈s′δijf(i,j)=0\sum_{i \in s} \sum_{j \in s'} \delta_{ij} f(i, j) = 0 where δij\delta_{ij} is the Kronecker delta, which is 11 if i=ji = j and 00 if i≠ji \neq j.